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The Teuchitlan tradition was a pre-Columbian complex society that occupied areas of the modern-day Mexican states of Nayarit and Jalisco. Although evidence of Teuchitlan tradition architecture appears as early as 300 BCE, its rise is generally dated to the end of the Formative period, 200 CE.〔See Smith, p. 24.〕 The tradition is rather abruptly extinguished at the end of the Classic era, ca. 900 CE.〔Beekman (2000) abstract. *Also Weigand and Beekman (1999).〕 The Teuchitlan tradition is notable for its circular central plazas and conical step pyramids. According to researcher Phil Weigand, these unusual structures are "unique in the Mesoamerican architectural repertoire and indeed are not found anywhere else in the world".〔Weigand (2001), p. 402. : Michael E. Smith says "The circular layouts that structure these settlements are unique within Mesoamerica" but mentions the "circular capitals" of the Parthian and Sassanian cultures, p. 22.〕 The Teuchitlan tradition is an outgrowth of the earlier shaft tomb tradition, but with a shift away the smaller centers to larger sites such Los Guachimontones.〔Beekman (1994) p. 3.〕 ==Guachimontones== The Guachimontones archaeological site, just outside modern-day Teuchitlán, Jalisco, is the largest and most complex site within the Teuchitlan tradition.〔Weigand and Cárdenas.〕 The center of the ancient village was occupied by three circular areas, each of with a multi-level circular step pyramid at its center. There are a total of 10 such "Circles" within Teuchitlan, along with four rectangular plazas and two ballcourts among many other smaller structures.〔Weigand and Beekman (1999).〕 The circular pyramids are thought to be cosmograms, representing the mythological structure of the universe, and the circular poles that were set into their center the Mesoamerican world tree. Based on the many ceramic tableaus that have been recovered, it is similarly thought that volador ceremonies were conducted from the pole.〔Weigand and Beekman (1999).〕 During the 2001 excavations at the Guachimonton site, the excavators reported finding 6 localities with either Capacha or Capacha-like ceramics. Most were unstratified, but 2 were actually stratigraphic in early layers. This made the archaeologists suspect that the precinct must have had a fairly important Early/Middle Formative component.〔Excavations at (Teuchitlan - Guachimonton )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Teuchitlan tradition」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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